Writing on AI, ML & System Design
24 articles — technical deep-dives on machine learning, Python, and web development.
24 articles
A step-by-step guide to building a free data science portfolio with Next.js static export, Tailwind CSS, and GitHub Pages — plus what to put in it so recruiters actually care.
Transformer architecture explained in 5 minutes: 6 components, Attention formula, encoder vs decoder, GPT vs BERT. Visual breakdown, no fluff.
An interactive simulation showing why CI and PI are fundamentally different things. One band covers the mean line. The other catches new individual points.
What is forecasting, why it matters, 6 types, and how inline forecasting works — with a real interest-rate decision model walkthrough.
Support Vector Machines: optimal hyperplane, support vectors, kernel trick, and 4 kernel types with gamma tuning.
CNN architecture in one read: kernel, stride, padding, pooling, flattening — how images flow from pixels to predictions.
From a single number to n-dimensional arrays — scalars, vectors, matrices, and tensors defined, notated, and compared in one read.
Binary, multiclass, and multilabel classification: one label vs many labels, with real examples and when to use each.
TP, TN, FP, FN, accuracy, precision, recall, F1, specificity — every classification metric defined and applied.
Bayes theorem, prior, likelihood, posterior — how beliefs update with evidence, with disease diagnosis and horse race examples.
y=mx+b, cost function (MSE), gradient descent, R² score, multivariable regression — with Python implementation.
SVM: hyperplanes, margins, support vectors, C and gamma tuning, 4 kernels, and Iris dataset implementation with scikit-learn.
How the HTML loading attribute defers images until needed — reducing load time, bandwidth, and improving SEO.
How Cross-Origin Resource Sharing works and how flask-cors fixes CORS errors between your frontend and Flask API.
GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, PATCH, HEAD, OPTIONS explained with Python requests library examples.
Step-by-step session-based login in Flask: secret key, login route, protected route, logout — with full code.
List vs Set in Python: iteration speed, O(1) membership testing, memory trade-offs, and exactly when to use each — with benchmark results.
Hash tables, O(1) average-case operations, and when sets dramatically outperform lists in Python.
Why virtual environments exist, how virtualenv creates isolated Python environments, and the commands to use them on Linux and Windows.
Essential conda commands: create, activate, install (conda + pip), deactivate, and delete environments — the Anaconda workflow.
Two commands every Python developer needs: pip freeze captures your environment, pip install -r recreates it anywhere.
Nested loops, list comprehension, and NumPy.dot() — three ways to multiply matrices in Python with working code examples.
PyInstaller and auto-py-to-exe — two ways to bundle Python apps into standalone executables users can run without Python installed.
The __name__ variable, top-level code, and why guarding entry-point logic prevents unintended execution when a module is imported.